Review Name ______________________________

Water and Its Solutions Period _____ Date ___________________

Completion

Word bank

dilute

homogeneous

increased

increases

like dissolves like

miscible

molarity

polar

polar

pressure

solubility

solubility

solution

solvent

solvent

surface

 

Hydrogen bonding between (1)___________________ water molecules explains the high boiling point (100° C) and is responsible for the high (2)___________________ tension of water. Water is a polar liquid and an excellent (3)___________________ for many substances. Aqueous (water) solutions are (4)___________________ mixtures of ions, atoms, or molecules in water. The solubility of a solute depends on the polarity of the solute and solvent. A good rule to remember is (5)___________________.

Changes in the temperature and (6)___________________ of a system alter the (7)___________________ of a solute. The solubility of a gas decreases with (8)___________________ temperature. (9)__________________ liquids tend to be soluble in water. Two liquids that are mutually soluble in each other are said to be (10)___________________. Generally the (11)___________________ of a solid in water (12)___________________ with increasing temperature.

The relative amounts of solute and (13)___________________ in a (14)___________________ can be described qualitatively as (15)___________________ or concentrated. Quantitative units of concentration include (16)__________________, the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.

Short answer.
  1. Explain the difference between saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated solutions.

    2.  

     

  2. Explain what is meant by the concentration of a solution.

    3.  

     

  3. Explain the low density of ice.

    4.  

     

  5. Define the terms solution, solute, and solvent and give an example of each.

    6.  

     

     

     

  6. Define the term hydration.

    7.  

     

     

     

    Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement.
  7. ___________________ is the amount of heat needed to raise 1 g of a substance 1° C.
  8. A solution that contains all of a solute that can dissolve in the solvent at a given temperature is a(n) ___________________.
  9. The symbol M in 2.0M stands for ___________________.
  10. The force needed to overcome the attraction among molecules at the surface of a liquid, and results in a film-like surface, is called __________________.
  11. A solution that holds less of a solute than it is capable of holding is a(n) ___________________.
  12. A(n) ___________________ is an unstable system that contains more solute than would normally dissolve in the solvent at a given temperature.
  13. _________________ occurs when hydrogen atoms on one molecule are attracted to atoms of high electronegativity (like oxygen) on another molecule.

    14.  

    Answer the following questions.
  14. How is it possible for some insects, such as the water strider, to actually walk on top of water?

 

 

 

 

What is the molarity of a 2 L solution made with 6 moles (351 g) of NaCl?